Immediate Treatment of Injuries
The Inflammatory Reaction
Tissue injury involves damage to small blood vessels that result in bleeding at the site of injury. This bleeding leads to:
1. Heat 2.Redness 3.Pain 4.Swelling 5.Loss of movement
This inflammatory reaction is necessary, as it is part of the natural healing process. However the body often overreacts to sudden injury resulting in more inflammatory fluid accumulating than is necessary for healing. This fluid contains a protein that turns into replacement scar tissue, too much can prevent the structure returning to normal with stiffness and increased risk of re-injury.
Anyone experiencing an injury should carry out the following instructions immediately and for up to 3-5 days after injury. These are remembered by the acronym PRICE.
P rotect
Aim: To protect the injured tissue from stress that may disrupt the healing process and cause further injury.
How: Splinting, rest, slings or crutches. Complete immobilisation isnt usually needed or desirable.
R est
Aim: Lowering the energy needs of the area, avoiding increase in blood flow, ensuring protection of the area and optimising healing.
How: Use slings, crutches or static rest (ie. Sitting of lying down).
I ce
Aim: To limit the bodys over-reaction. It helps constrict the blood vessels limiting bleeding and reducing the accumulation of unnecessary tissue protection.
How: Crushed ice wrapped in a damp towel or a packet of frozen peas can be used. A damp towel must be placed between the ice and the skin to avoid ice burn.
C ompression
Aim: Compression limits an unnecessary accumulation of inflammatory fluid and over-production of scar tissue.
How: Tubigrip and adjustable neoprene supports are best for self application. The area should be compressed a minimum of six inches above and below the site of injury, pins and needles means it is too tight. It should be flexible enough to allow initial swelling and still apply pressure as this reduces.
E levation
Aim: To lower the blood pressure and therefore help limit bleeding.
How: Using pillows, foot stools, slings etc.
A void HARM
It is also important to avoid HARM during the first 48 hours after treatment.
AVOID
H Heat (eg. Hot bath, sauna)
A Alcohol